Energy guide chain for guiding lines comprising chain links which can move in three dimensions

ABSTRACT

An energy line guide chain for running lines between a stationary and a movable connection, with jointed chain links of plastic, which define each a channel section extending in the direction of the energy line guide chain. Each chain link comprises opposite link plates extending in spaced relationship in a longitudinal direction of the energy line guide chain. The link plates are interconnected by at least one crosspiece. Each link plate comprises a joint body ( 6 ) and a joint receiver ( 7 ), which extend substantially crosswise to the longitudinal direction of the energy line guide chain. The joint body ( 6 ) of a link plate engages the joint receiver ( 7 ) of an adjacent link plate. Between the partially overlapping link plates of two adjacent chain links, a clearance is provided. The joint body ( 6 ) comprises two diametrically opposite outer surface areas ( 19 ). The joint receiver ( 7 ) has two diametrically opposite inner surface areas ( 18 ). The outer surface areas and inner surface areas define diametrically opposed gaps ( 17 ) which permit a lateral deflection of the chain links.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a guide chain for running energy lines betweena stationary connection and a movable connection with movable chainlinks, which define each a channel section extending in the direction ofthe energy line guide chain.

GB 1 585 656 A1 discloses a guide chain for running lines between astationary connection and a movable connection. The energy line guidechain is formed by pivotally connected, metallic chain links. The chainlinks comprise spaced-apart side walls, which are stamped from a sheetof metal and bent into shape accordingly. The spaced-apart side walls ofeach chain link are interconnected by a connecting plate. The connectionoccurs by welding, so that the chain links form a welded structure.

For a pivotal connection of adjacent chain links, the side wallscomprise a circular aperture in their one end region. In the oppositeend region of each side wall, an elongate slot is formed. The aperturesof the one chain link are positioned with the elongate slots of theadjacent chain link such that a rivet can be passed through the elongateslot and the aperture. The rivet has a widened head with a cross sectiongreater than the cross section of the aperture and elongate slot,respectively. To secure the rivet, a circlip is provided, which isarranged on the rivet.

The provision of the elongate slot is necessitated by the weldedstructure of the chain links, since elongate slots are capable ofcompensating manufacturing-related inaccuracies of the welded structure.

The chain links of the energy line guide chain as disclosed in GB 1 585656 A1 are adapted for pivoting about the rivets, which extendsubstantially crosswise to the longitudinal direction of the energy lineguide chain.

A further embodiment of a conventional energy line guide chain, whereinthe chain links are adapted for deflecting about axes extendingcrosswise to the longitudinal direction of the energy line guide chain,is disclosed in EP 0 154 882 A1. The chain links of this energy lineguide chain consist of a plastic. They are formed by link plates, whichare made in one piece. At one end, each link plate possesses a centraljoint bore. At the other end of each link plate, a central joint pin ismolded to the opposite side. When the one end of a chain link isconnected to the other end of an adjacent chain link, the joint pin willengage the joint bore. This permits forming a chain strand. Two chainstrands are interconnected by crosspieces.

EP 0 544 051 A1 discloses an energy line guide chain, which enables anisotropic bending capability in the space, i.e. a capability of bendinguniformly in the space.

Such an energy line guide chain is necessary, for example, for amultiaxial handling device, such as, for example, a robot.

This energy line guide chain is formed by an extruded tubing, whoseouter circumferential wall is provided with a plurality ofcircumferential slots arranged in spaced relationship in thelongitudinal direction of the energy line guide chain and extendingcrosswise to the longitudinal direction of the energy line guide chain.These circumferential slots, which extend over the entire circumferenceof the tubing, are each interrupted by only one flexibly connectingcrosspiece or only two flexibly acting crosspieces diametricallyopposite to each other at an angular distance of 180°0. The crosspiecesof adjacent circumferential slots are offset relative one another by anangle at circumference of 90°0. The width of the circumferential slotsand their spacing between one another are dimensioned in accordance witha desired maximum bending radius of the energy line guide chain.

An energy line guide chain of this kind is problematic in that it isnecessary to exchange the entire energy line guide chain, when a segmentthereof is damaged, since the energy line guide chain consists of anextruded sectional tubing of plastic. This entails an increasedexpenditure for repair, since it is also necessary to remove from theenergy line guide chain being replaced, lines and hoses extendingtherein, and to insert them into the new energy line guide chain.

The attachment of the energy line guide chain to a stationary connectionor a movable connection occurs by chain links, which are joined to acorresponding connector. EP 0 384 153 discloses the design andconstruction of different end links of the chain. The chain end linkscomprise side plates, which are interconnected by a bottom plate. Thechain end links are jointed to the adjacent chain link of the energyline guide chain. The bottom plate is screwed to a support or base platesuch that the chain end link is rigidly connected to the support or baseplate. A further development of a chain end link with a strain reliefarrangement for an energy line guide chain is also known from UtilityModel G 93 13 011. Likewise in the case of this chain end link, a bottomplate is provided, which is connected to a support or base plate.

Based on the foregoing, it is an object of the present invention todesign and construct the known guide chain for running energy lines withspatially movable chain links, so that the energy line guide chain isrepairable at relatively little cost. It is a further object of theinvention to design and construct the energy line guide chain such thatit is capable of receiving greater line weights. A yet further object ofthe invention is to describe a connecting link, which is easy to applyto a connection point, in particular a connecting link, which assiststhe deflection capability of the energy line guide chain.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The above and other objects and advantages of the invention are achievedby the provision of a guide chain for running energy lines whichdistinguishes itself in that it is constructed by individual, spatiallylimited, i.e., three-dimensionally movable chain links. In an extrudedenergy line guide chain as known from EP 0 554 051, an articulation ispossible only, when the extruded sectional tubing exhibits a certainelasticity. As a result, such an energy line guide chain is capable ofreceiving only relatively low line weights. In the case of an energyline guide chain, as proposed by the present invention, each chain linkcomprises two opposite link plates extending in spaced relationship in alongitudinal direction of the energy line guide chain. The link platesare interconnected by at least one crosspiece. Each link plate comprisesa joint body and a joint receiver, which extend substantially crosswiseto the longitudinal direction of the energy line guide chain. The jointbody of a link plate engages the joint receiver of an adjacent linkplate. The articulated connection as is formed by the joint body and thejoint receiver, does not form an integral part of the chain links, as isthe case with an extruded sectional tubing of the energy line guidechain. As a result, the joint bodies and joint receivers may be designedand constructed for a greater load capacity. This applies likewise tothe link plates and the crosspiece. As a result of releasably joiningthe chain links by the articulated connections, it will also be possibleto repair the energy line guide chain, when one or more chain links havebecome defective.

In the case of the energy line guide chain as proposed by the invention,a clearance is provided respectively between the partially overlappinglink plates of at least two adjacent chain links. Also each joint bodycomprises an outer surface area and each joint bore comprises an innersurface area. The outer surface area and the inner surface area definediametrically opposite contact areas where the outer and inner areas arein contact, and diametrically opposite gaps where there is a clearancebetween the areas. The contact areas thus form a pivot axis extendingtherebetween and which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction ofthe energy line guide chain. The pivoting capability of the individualchain links relative to one another is thus achieved only by having theouter and inner surface areas lie against one another. The clearancewhich is provided between the partially overlapping plates of adjacentchain links allows the energy line guide chain to deflect substantiallycrosswise to its longitudinal axis.

According to an advantageous development of the energy line guide chain,it is proposed to make the joint body cylindrical. Preferably, the jointreceiver has a substantially oval cross section. An oval cross sectionalso means the shape of a race track. The spacing of the substantiallyparallel extending segments of the race track shape correspondssubstantially to the diameter of the joint body, so that the joint bodyis rotatable about its longitudinal axis. As a result of providing thejoint receiver with a substantially oval cross section, there is a playbetween the joint body and the joint receiver, which enables adeflection about an axis extending substantially perpendicularly to thelongitudinal axis of the joint body and to the longitudinal direction ofthe energy line guide chain.

Instead of making the joint body cylindrical, the joint receiver as suchmay also have a circular cross section. In this instance, the joint bodyhas a substantially oval cross section. The cross sectional area of thecircular joint receiver is greater than the cross sectional area of thejoint body. Likewise, this development of the joint connection of twoadjacent chain links allows these chain links to deflect in threedimensions.

The link plates and the crosspiece are made of plastic, preferably inone piece. In this instance, the chain link has a substantially U-shapedcross section. The link plates may be designed and constructed with aclosing strap or cover, so as to enable access to the channel of theenergy line guide chain. This makes it also possible to lay lines in thechannel at a later time, or to remove individual lines from the channel.Likewise, it is possible to examine individual lines in the energy lineguide chain, without having to pull these out of the energy line guidechain, as is the case with an energy line guide chain disclosed in EP 0544 051 A1.

A further, advantageous development of the energy line guide chainaccording to the invention proposes to adapt two adjacent chain linksfor a pivotal movement relative to each other at an angle of 45°.

A yet further advantageous development of the energy line guide chainaccording to the invention proposes to make the joint body from jointbody segments separated from another by slots. In particular, the jointbody comprises a radially outward directed collar in the region of itsfree end segment. In such a configuration of the joint body, the latteror its segments are compressed as the joint body passes through thejoint receiver, so that upon completion of the passage, the joint bodyor the joint body segments return to their initial position, and thatthe collar extends around the edge of the joint receiver. The collar hasa certain safety function, since it enables an improved hold of thechain links. To ensure that the collar does not assume an entrainingfunction during an operation of the energy line guide chain, it isproposed to provide a cavity in concentric relationship with a jointreceiver, into which the collar extends with a play. Preferably, thecavity is dimensioned such that the collar does not project laterallyfrom the link plate. Should the lateral surface of the link plate slidealong an object, the collar would not abrade, since it is arrangedinside the link plate. This arrangement also reduces a possible risk ofinjury by a collar projecting from the link plate.

A further advantageous development of the energy line guide chainaccording to the invention proposes that the crosspiece comprises aconvexly curved portion, which lies in a plane extending substantiallycrosswise to the link plate. The crosspiece further comprises anopposite portion made to correspond with the convexly curved portion.The chain links of the energy line guide chain are arranged such thatthe convex portion of the crosspiece of one chain link engages thecorresponding opposite portion of the crosspiece of an adjacent chainlink.

This configuration of the crosspiece allows to accomplish that adjacentchain links are guided while being pivoted. A guidance of the chainlinks is accomplished, preferably by forming the convexly curved portionin a free end region of a projection extending in the longitudinaldirection of the energy line guide chain. The crosspiece comprises acutout that merges into the region, with the cutout narrowing from anend face of the crosspiece in the direction of the concave portion. As aresult of narrowing the concave portion, it is possible to limit thedeflection capability of adjacent chain links. The advantageous furtherdevelopment of the energy line guide chain allows to accomplish likewisethat the crosspieces form quasi a cover, which protects the lines laidin the energy line guide chain against external influences. Inparticular, it is prevented that dirt particles enter the energy lineguide chain.

The chain links of the energy line guide-chain are made preferably of aplastic. In particular, it is suggested that the plastic be fiber-glassreinforced. To simplify the manufacture of the individual chain links, afurther advantageous development of the energy line guide chain proposesto make at least the convex portion and the concave portion symmetricalwith respect to an axis extending substantially parallel to thelongitudinal axis of the energy line guide chain.

To receive greater line weights or for greater self-supporting lengthsof the energy line guide chain, it is proposed that two adjacent chainlinks comprise two spaced-apart outer joint axes. In this instance,adjacent links comprise crosspieces, whose overall extension between thejoint axes is greater than the spacing of the joint axes. This allows toprestress the energy line guide chain, thereby enabling it to receivegreater line weights. The energy line guide chain with a prestress mayalso have a greater self-supporting length than is the case with anenergy line guide chain without a prestress.

For purposes of limiting the angle of traverse of adjacent chain linksand, thus, likewise for forming a predetermined radius of curvature, itis proposed that at least two adjacent chain links comprise twospaced-apart, opposite crosspieces, which extend crosswise to thelongitudinal direction of the energy line guide chain. In a stretchedstate of the energy line guide chain, the crosspieces of adjacent chainlinks, which extend in a common plane, are spaced from each other. In acurved region of the energy line guide chain, these crosspieces adjoineach other.

A yet further, advantageous development of the invention proposes thatthe energy line guide chain comprises at least one crosspiece, which canbe detachably connected with its one end to a link plate. The other endof the crosspiece is advantageously connected to the link plate by meansof a film hinge. The link plate, the film hinge, and the crosspiece maybe made in one piece.

In particular, it is proposed that in the region of the film hinge, thecrosspiece comprises at least one projection, so that in a closedposition of the crosspiece, the projection lies on an edge of the linkplate. This allows to accomplish that the film hinge is relieved, whenthe crosspiece has taken its closed position, and a force is exerted onthe crosspiece in the direction of a channel section. In this instance,the force is absorbed by the projection, so that the film hinge is heldsubstantially free of stress. A yet further, advantageous developmentproposes that the crosspiece forms a cover.

To limit the angle of traverse of adjacent link plates about an axisextending substantially crosswise to the longitudinal direction of theenergy line guide chain, it is proposed that the link plate comprises atits one end a stop element and at its other end a stop surface, which ismade substantially parallel to a center plane of the link plate. Thisconfiguration of the link plate accomplishes that during a lateral swingmotion of adjacent link plates, the stop and stop surface prevent thechain links or link plates from locking up.

A further inventive concept proposes a guide chain for running energylines between a stationary and a movable connection, with jointed chainlinks of plastic. This guide chain comprises at least one connectinglink. The connecting link is designed and constructed such that itfacilitates joining the connection link to a connection point or to aconnection element, which is attached to the connection point. Inparticular, the connecting link is designed and constructed such that itassists the deflection capability of the energy line guide chain.

The energy line guide chain of the present invention with at least oneconnecting link distinguishes itself in that the at least one connectinglink comprises a base body with at least one receptacle for receiving aconnection element mounted to a connection point, and a locking elementcooperating with the base body, which is adapted for locking theconnection element with a base body.

More concretely, it is proposed to limit the receptacle by a wall, whichis molded to the bottom, and made at least in part spring-elastic, andthat the wall forms with the connection element a snap connection. Thisconfiguration of the connecting link in combination with the connectionelement, which is mounted to a connection point, facilitates joining theconnecting link to the connection element.

A further advantageous development of the energy line guide chainproposes to form the wall by at least two wall segments, which areseparated by slots. Preferably, four wall segments form the wall, withtwo opposite wall segments being made substantially rigid, and the twofurther opposite wall segments being made substantially spring-elastic.Preferably, the substantially spring-elastic wall segments comprisecorresponding recesses or projections, which form a snap connection witha correspondingly constructed connection element. The spacing of thefurther wall segments may be greater than the inside width of theconnection element, so that only the spring-elastic wall segmentsproduce a connection between the connecting link and the connectionelement.

A yet further, advantageous development of the energy line guide chainproposes to join the locking element to the base body for displacementtherewith, so that the locking element impedes at least the deflectioncapability of the wall in a locking position, and releases it in anotherposition. This advantageous configuration and further development of theenergy line guide chain accomplish that the mounting of the connectinglink to a connection element can be realized in a very simple manner andwith very little force, since only the spring-elastic wall segments mustbe pushed apart. A locking engagement is realized by the lockingelement.

To realize an easy and reliable locking engagement, an advantageousdevelopment of the energy guide chain proposes to make the lockingelement substantially U-shaped. In this instance, the free legs of thelocking element lie in the locking position at least in part against thewall, in particular against the elastic wall segments, so that the wallsegments are prevented from springing apart.

It is proposed that the base body of the connecting link comprises aslide-in opening, in which the locking element is held for displacement.In the locking position, the free legs lie in part against the wall, inparticular against the elastic wall segments and the lateral surfaces ofthe slide-in opening. This ensures that even in the case of relativelyhigh pull-off forces, the locking engagement remains secured, since theside walls of the slide-in opening restrict the free legs of the lockingelement in their freedom of movement.

To ensure that a locking engagement of the connecting link with theconnection element is enabled only, when the connection between theconnecting link and the connection element is properly established, ayet further, advantageous development of the energy line guide chainproposes that the locking element comprises a safety flap, which isspaced from the legs and made substantially parallel to same. In thisinstance, the locking element can be moved to its locking position only,when the connection element releases the safety flap.

To this end, it is proposed in an advantageous manner to provide thebase body with a projection, which extends into the plane of movement ofthe safety flap. The safety flap comprises an opening, which theprojection engages in the locking position. The safety flap can then bedeflected by the connection element such that same can be brought to thelocking position.

To prevent an automatic release of the locking engagement, it isproposed that the projection and the opening are adapted to each otherin their shape, so that a movement of the safety flap is prevented.

A yet further, advantageous development of the energy line guide chainproposes that the receptacle extends fully through the base body. Inparticular, it is proposed to make the receptacle and connection elementrotationally symmetric, thereby allowing the connecting link to performa swing motion.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the following, further details and advantages of the energy lineguide chain according to the invention are described in greater detailwith reference to embodiments shown in the drawing, in which:

FIG. 1 is a fully sectioned front view of a first embodiment of a chainlink;

FIG. 2 is a bottom view of a chain link of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the chain link of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a top view of a segment of an energy line guide chain withchain links of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a fully sectioned front view of a segment of an energy lineguide chain with chain links of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a front view, enlarged, of a joint connection between adjacentchain links;

FIG. 6A is a view similar to FIG. 6 and illustrating a differentembodiment of the joint body and receiver;

FIG. 7 is a sectional top view of a joint connection of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a bottom view of a further embodiment of a chain link;

FIG. 9 is a fully sectioned front view of the chain link of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a top view of the chain link of FIG. 8;

FIG. 11 is a top view of a segment of an energy line guide chain withchain links of FIG. 8;

FIG. 12 is a fully sectioned front view of the energy line guide chainof FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a front view of a further embodiment of a chain link;

FIG. 14 is a side view from the right of the chain link of FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a cross sectional view of the chain link of FIG. 13;

FIG. 16 is a cross sectional view of the chain link of FIG. 13 with aclosed crosspiece;

FIG. 17 is a longitudinal sectional view of the chain link of FIG. 13;

FIG. 18 is a front view of the basic form of a connecting link;

FIG. 19 is a sectional view of the connecting link along line A—A ofFIG. 18;

FIG. 20 is a sectional view of the connecting link along line B—B ofFIG. 19.

FIG. 21 is a sectional view of the connecting link of FIG. 18 along lineC—C of FIG. 19;

FIG. 22 is front view of a locking element for a connecting link of FIG.18;

FIG. 23 is a top view of the locking element;

FIG. 24 is a bottom view of the locking element;

FIG. 25 is a sectional view of the locking element along line C—C ofFIG. 22;

FIG. 26 is a sectional view of the locking element along line A—A ofFIG. 24;

FIG. 27 is a sectional view of the locking element along line B—B;

FIG. 28 is a sectional view of the connecting link of FIG. 18 with alocking element of FIG. 22 in an assembled position;

FIG. 29 is a sectional view of the connecting link with the lockingelement of FIG. 28 along line A—A of FIG. 28;

FIG. 30 is a sectional view of the connecting link with the lockingelement along line B—B of FIG. 28;

FIG. 31 is a sectional view of the connecting link with the lockingelement and with a deflected safety flap;

FIG. 32 shows the connecting link with the locking element in an endposition of the locking element;

FIG. 33 is a sectional view of the connecting link with the lockingelement along line A—A of FIG. 32; and

FIG. 34 is a sectional view of the connecting link with the lockingelement along line B—B of FIG. 32.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIGS. 1-3 illustrate a first embodiment of a chain link 1 for a guidechain for running energy lines. The chain link 1 comprises two linkplates 2, 3 facing each other in spaced relationship and extending in alongitudinal direction of the energy line guide chain.

Each link plate 2, 3 comprises a joint body 6 and a joint receiver 7.The joint body 6 is formed on an outer side of link plates 2 and 3,respectively. The joint body 6 and the joint receiver 7 extendsubstantially crosswise to the longitudinal direction of the energy lineguide chain. The joint body 6 and the joint receiver 7 are designed andconstructed in spaced relationship with each other, when viewed in thelongitudinal direction of the chain link.

Crosspieces 4 and 5 interconnect the link plates 2, 3. The crosspieces4, 5 are designed and constructed in spaced relationship with eachother. Both the crosspieces 4, 5 and the link plates 2, 3 define achannel section 8 for arranging the lines. Each crosspiece 4, 5 issubstantially aligned with a longitudinal edge of link plate 2 or 3.

The crosspiece 4 comprises a convexly curved portion 9, which extends ina plane extending substantially crosswise to each link plate 2 or 3. Thecrosspiece 4 includes a portion 10, which is designed and constructed tocorrespond with the convexly curved portion 9. The portion 10 isopposite to the portion 9. The portion 9 and the portion 10 aresymmetric with respect to an axis 11 extending substantially parallel tothe longitudinal axis of the energy line guide chain.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show a first embodiment of an energy line guide chain 12of the present invention. The energy line guide 12 is formed by chainlinks 1. The design and construction of each chain link 1 corresponds tothat of the chain link shown in FIGS. 1-3.

The chain links 1 are interconnected by joints. The joint connectionoccurs by means of joint bodies 6, which engage joint receivers 7.Adjacent chain links 1 are adapted for pivoting about a joint axis 13extending substantially perpendicularly to a longitudinal axis 14. Ascan be noted from FIG. 4, the portion 10 of crosspiece 4 lies againstthe convexly curved portion 9 of the crosspiece 4 of an adjacent chainlink. The crosspieces 4 are designed and constructed such that, whenviewed in the longitudinal direction of the energy line guide chain 12,same have an extension, which is greater than the spacing between twoouter joint axes 13 of two chain links, thereby imparting to the energyline guide chain a prestress.

As shown in FIG. 5, the crosspieces 5 of adjacent chain links areadapted for coming into contact with their respective end faces, so thatthe crosspieces 5 define the radius of curvature of the energy lineguide chain.

The joint connection of adjacent chain links occurs by means of jointbodies 6 and joint receivers 7. The joint connection of adjacent chainlinks is shown enlarged in FIGS. 6 and 7.

In the embodiment of FIG. 6, each joint body 6 is substantiallycylindrical, and the joint receiver 7 has a substantially oval crosssection. The joint body 6 and joint receiver 7 comprise surfacesections, which form diametrically opposite contact areas 16. Thecontact areas 16 each extend substantially in the longitudinal directionof the link plates 3. Between the diametrically opposite contact areas16, a gap 17 is formed on each side of the joint body 6 which extendsbetween an inner surface area 18 of joint receiver 7 and an outersurface area 19 of the joint body 6. The joint connection comprises twosubstantially diametrically opposite gaps 17, which are crescent-shapedin the illustrated embodiment. When viewed in the circumferentialdirection of joint body 6, the gaps each extend from a contact area 16to the contact area 16 on the opposite side.

The gap 17 between joint body 6 and joint receiver 7 allows adjacentchain links to pivot. The chain links are adapted for pivoting about apivot axis 15, which is substantially perpendicular to the joint axis13.

Between the overlapping regions of link plates 2, 3 of adjacent chainlinks, a clearance 20 is formed, which allows adjacent chain links topivot about pivot axis 15. While pivoting about pivot axis 15, thesurfaces of both the convexly curved portion 9 and the correspondinglyconstructed portion 10 slide along each other.

Each chain link 1 of energy line guide chain 12 is capable of deflectingabout a joint axis 13 and a pivot axis 15, so that adjacent chain linksof an energy line guide chain can be deflected with a spatiallimitation, i.e. in a three-dimensional space. The energy line guidechain 12 may be designed and constructed with such configured chainlinks 1 in full or in sections.

FIG. 6A illustrates an embodiment wherein the joint body 6 has an ovalcross section and the joint receiver 7 has a circular cross section.

FIGS. 8 and 9 show a second embodiment of a chain link 21. The chainlink 21 comprises two spaced-apart, opposite link plates 22, 23, whichextend in a longitudinal direction of an energy line guide chain. Eachlink plate 22, 23 comprises a joint body 26 and a joint receiver 27. Thejoint body 26 and joint receiver 27 extend substantially crosswise tothe longitudinal direction of an energy line guide chain. The joint body26 and joint receiver 27 of the link plates 22, 23 are designed andconstructed such that they engage each other, when the chain links 21are joined.

Each link plate 22, 23 is interconnected by two crosspieces 24, 25. Thecrosspieces 24, 25 are substantially aligned with a longitudinal edge oflink plates 22 and 23, respectively. The link plates 22, 23 andcrosspieces 24, 25 define a channel section 28.

The crosspiece 24 comprises an extension 32 extending in thelongitudinal direction of the energy line guide chain. The extension 32comprises a substantially convexly curved portion 29. The extension 32and the convexly curved portion 29 are made substantially symmetric withrespect to an axis 31. The axis 31 extends substantially parallel to thelongitudinal axis of the energy line guide chain.

The crosspiece 24 comprises a concavely curved portion 30, which isformed opposite to the convexly curved portion 29. The portion 30 ismade to correspond with portion 29. It is formed in a cutout 33. Thecutout 33 extends from an end face 34 inward into the crosspiece 24 andin the direction of axis 31. The cutout 33 narrows from end face 34 inthe direction of concave portion 30.

FIGS. 11 and 12 show a segment of an energy line guide chain 35, whichis assembled from chain links 21. Adjacent chain links 21 are eachcapable of deflecting about a joint axis 36. The joint axis 36 is formedby pairing joint body 26 and joint receiver 27. As best seen in FIG. 11,the extension 32 engages with its convexly curved portion 29 the cutout33 with its concavely curved portion 30. Both the crosspieces 24 and theextensions 32 and cutouts 33 are designed and constructed such that theenergy line guide chain 35 is prestressed, which is not absolutelymandatory.

The radius of curvature is limited by the stops formed by crosspieces25.

Both the joint body 26 and the joint receiver 27 of the chain links aredesigned and constructed in the same way as those of chain link 1. Forthis reason, the description with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 is herewithincorporated by reference.

FIGS. 13 to 17 illustrate a further embodiment of a chain link 37 ofplastic for a guide chain for running energy lines. The chain link 37 ismade in one piece of a plastic, in particular by the injection moldingmethod.

The chain link 37 comprises two opposite link plates 38, 39 extending inspaced relationship in a longitudinal direction of the energy line guidechain. The link plates are interconnected by a crosspiece 41. Togetherwith the crosspiece 41, they form a U-shaped basic form of the chainlink 37. As best seen in FIG. 17, the crosspiece 41 extends to theoverlapping regions of the link plates, so that it forms a cover.

Each link plate 38, 39 comprises a joint body 42 and a joint receiver46.

The joint body 42 is made integral with an outer side of link plates 38and 39 respectively, as shown in FIG. 14. The joint body 42 is formed byjoint body segments 43, which are separated by slots 44. On its free endportion, the joint body 42 comprises a radially outward directed collar45. Likewise, the collar 45 is subdivided by slots 44. In theillustrated embodiment, three slots 44 are provided, each 120° out ofphase.

The joint bodies 42 are provided in end regions of link plates 38, 39.The opposite end regions of link plates 38, 39 accommodate the jointreceivers 46. The joint receivers 46 have a substantially ellipticalcross section, so that the joint bodies are capable of pivoting in thecorresponding joint receivers such as to deflect adjacent chain links 37relative to each other in the lateral direction.

The joint receiver 46 comprises a circumferential cavity 47. This cavityis made substantially coaxial with the joint receiver 46. The depth ofthe joint receiver corresponds substantially to the thickness of collar45.

A crosspiece 40 is flexibly hinged to the link plate 39, and can bedetachably connected with its other end to the link plate 38. Theconnection of crosspiece 40 to link plate 39 is formed by a film hinge48. The film hinge 48, link plate 39, and crosspiece 40 are made in onepiece.

The film hinge 48 is formed in an edge portion of link plate 39. On bothsides of the film hinge 48, clearances 52 are provided, as shown in FIG.17. The film hinge is formed by a film bridge 49, which connects withits one end to link plate 39, and with its other end to crosspiece 40.The thickness of film bridge 49 is smaller than the thickness of linkplate 39. To form the film bridge 49, the edge region of link plate 39contains recesses 50, 51 extending in the transverse and in thelongitudinal direction of link plate 39, as shown in FIG. 15.

In the region of film hinge 48, the crosspiece 40 comprises a projection53 extending crosswise to the longitudinal direction of the crosspiece.In the closed state of chain link 37, the projection 53 lies on an edge54 of recess 50, as shown in FIG. 16. This relieves the film hinge 48and, thus, film bridge 49, when a force is exerted on the crosspiece 40and in the direction of crosspiece 41.

The end region of crosspiece 40 opposite to film hinge 48 is providedwith a locking element 55. The locking element 55 is formed by a hook56. The hook 56 cooperates with a counterhook 57, which is formed in arecessed portion of the end region of link plate 38. In spacedrelationship with hook 56, a ridge 58 is provided, which definestogether with the hook 56 a space 59 for engaging counterhook 57. Withits one surface, the ridge 58 lies against the inner surface of linkplate 38, as shown in FIG. 16. The ridge 58 makes it possible to reduceat least, if not avoid altogether, a mobility and, thus, a stress onfilm hinge 48, since the crosspiece 40 is prevented from moving in itslongitudinal direction.

The link plates 38, 39 and crosspieces 40, 41 define a channel section60 for laying lines, in particular electrical lines.

To limit the angle of traverse of adjacent chain links about an axisextending crosswise to the longitudinal direction of the energy lineguide chain, preferably each link plate comprises at its end a stopelement 61. The opposite end of the link plate is provided with stopsurfaces 62. The stop elements 61 cooperate with the stop surfaces 62 ofan adjacent chain link. The stop surfaces 62 are formed in a planeextending substantially parallel to a center plane of the link plate.Preferably, the stop surfaces are made equidistant from the centerplane. Likewise, the stop element 61 is formed in the region of thecenter plane of the link plate.

To secure an energy line guide chain to a stationary and/or mobileconnection, the energy line guide chain comprises connecting links.

FIGS. 18-21 illustrate the configuration of a preferred embodiment of aconnecting link 63. The connecting link 63 is formed by a base body 64.The base body 64 connects to two link plates 65. The link plates 65 arearranged in spaced and in facing relationship. Each link plate 65comprises a joint receiver 66. On the external side faces of the linkplates 65, the joint receiver 66 comprises cavities 67.

The configuration of the joint receivers 66 corresponds to that of thejoint receivers of the above-described chain links, so that theconnecting link 63 can be joined to corresponding joint bodies. This isnot mandatory. Depending on which end of an energy line guide chain isintended to receive the connecting link, the connecting link may also beprovided with corresponding joint bodies, which are adapted for engagingcorresponding joint receivers.

The base body 64 is provided with a receptacle 68, which is adapted foraccommodating a connection element not shown. The connection element isattached to a connection point. In the illustrated embodiment, thereceptacle 68 is designed and constructed crosswise to the longitudinalaxis of an energy line guide chain, which is not absolutely mandatory.The joint receiver may also be made parallel to the longitudinal axis ofan energy line guide chain. It may even intersect the longitudinal axisof the energy line guide chain at an angle.

The receptacle 68 is bounded by a wall 69. The wall 69 extends from abottom wall 70 to a cover wall 79. The wall 69 is made integral with thebottom wall 70. The wall 69 is formed by wall segments 71, 73. In theillustrated embodiment, four wall segments are provided. The wallsegments are separated from one another by slots 72, as shown in FIG.21. The opposite wall segments 71 are made spring-elastic, so that sameform a snap connection with the connection element not shown. The wallsegments 73 are made substantially rigid.

Inside the base body 64, a slide-in opening 74 is provided. Thisslide-in opening extends substantially crosswise to the longitudinaldirection of receptacle 68. The slide-in opening is defined by bottomwall 70, cover wall 79, and side walls 77. In the region of an inletopening 90 in slide-in opening 74, the side walls 77 are provided withprojections 78. The projections 78 are directed toward each other. Theinside width of the inlet opening 90 is smaller than the inside spacingbetween the side walls 77, so that in the region of transition betweenthe projection 78 and the side wall 77, a stop surface 89 is formed, ascan be noted from FIG. 21.

The receptacle 68 extends through the bottom wall 70. Adjacentreceptacle 68 is a projection 88. This projection 88 extends away fromthe bottom wall 70 of base body 64.

Below the bottom wall 70, a slide-in pocket 75 is provided. The slide-inpocket 75 is defined by bottom wall 70 and a transverse member 76. Thetransverse member 76 extends only over a portion of bottom wall 70, sothat the receptacle 68 is unblocked.

FIGS. 22-27 illustrate a locking element 80. The locking element 80cooperates with the base body 64 of connecting link 63, as will bedescribed in greater detail further below.

The locking element 80 is substantially U-shaped. It comprises two legs81, 82, which are interconnected by a common base 83. The free legs 81,82 are made spring-elastic. On its outer surface, each leg 81, 82comprises a stop 84, which is formed by a surface extendingsubstantially parallel to the base 83. The spacing between internal sidesurfaces of the legs 81, 82 corresponds substantially to the outsidewidth of wall 69.

A safety flap 85 is provided in spaced relationship with the free legs81, 82 and substantially parallel to same. The flap 85 comprises anopening 86, which is provided in the region of a free end face 87.

The locking element 80 is designed and constructed such that the freelegs 81, 82 can be inserted into the slide-in opening 74. The safetyflap 85 is adapted for engaging the slide-in pocket 75 of base body 64.

FIGS. 28-31 illustrate the connecting link with the locking element 80in an assembled state. The free legs 81, 82 are inserted into theslide-in opening. Same do not contact the outer surface of wall segments71, so that the wall segments 71 are capable of deflecting radiallyoutward. On their inner surfaces 92, the wall segments 71 may comprisecavities and/or projections, which cooperate with correspondingly shapedprojections or cavities of a connection element not shown, which can beinserted into the receptacle 68.

As can be noted from FIG. 28 and from FIG. 30, the end face 87 of safetyflap 85 lies against projection 88. The projection 88 limits the path ofdisplacement of locking element 80 crosswise to the receptacle 68.

The locking element 80 is undetachably connected to base body 64. Tothis end, stop surfaces 84, 89 are provided. The surfaces 84, 89 limitthe mobility of locking element 80, so that the latter cannot be removedfrom slide-in opening 74 without compressing the free legs 81, 82.

When the connecting link 63 is connected to a connection element notshown, the connection element will engage opening 68. To prevent theconnecting link 63 from disengaging from the connection element, asnap-in engagement occurs between the walls 71 and the connectionelement. To block this snap-in engagement, the locking element 80 isfurther pushed into slide-in opening 74, until it occupies the end orlocking position shown in FIGS. 32-34. To realize that the lockingelement 80 is further pushed in inside the slide-in opening 74, thelocking element 80 pushes the safety flap away from the base body 64, asshown in FIG. 31. The safety flap 85 is pushed away from base body 64 sofar that it is possible to slide the safety flap 85 over the projection88. At the same time, this movement causes the free legs 81, 82 to slidebetween the side walls 77 and the outer surfaces 91 of wall segments 71,so that the free legs 81, 82 lie both against the side wall 77 andagainst the outer surface 91 of wall segments 71, for purposes ofpreventing the wall segments 71 from moving radially outward. FIG. 33illustrates the position of legs 81, 82, in which the locking engagementis reached.

FIG. 34 illustrates the position of safety flap 85, which same willoccupy, when the locking position is reached. In this position, theprojection 88 engages opening 86. Likewise in this position, an endportion of the connection element may extend through the receptacle 68right into the opening 86.

The projection 88, which extends at least in part into the opening 86,ensures that the locking engagement will not be releasedunintentionally. To disengage, it will be necessary to move the safetyflap away from the base body 64, so that the projection 88 no longerengages opening 86, thereby allowing the locking element 80 to slidefrom its locking position to an assembled position.

Preferably, the receptacle 68 is made rotationally symmetric. Acorrespondingly configured, rotationally symmetric connection elementengages same. As a result, a rotatability of the connecting link 63about the longitudinal axis of the receptacle is achieved, therebyenabling an improved deflection capability of an energy line guide chaintoward the side.

NOMENCLATURE

1 Chain link

2,3 Link plate

4,5 Crosspiece

6 Joint body

7 Joint receiver

8 Channel section

9 Convex portion

10 Corresponding portion

11 Axis

12 Energy line guide chain

13 Joint axis

14 Longitudinal axis

15 Pivot axis

16 Connection area

17 Gap

18 Outer surface area

19 Inner surface area

20 Clearance

21 Chain link

22,23 Link plate

24,25 Crosspiece

26 Joint body

27 Joint receiver

28 Channel section

29 Convex portion

30 Concave portion

31 Axis

32 Extension

33 Cutout

34 End face

35 Energy line guide chain

36 Joint axis

37 Chain link

38 Link plate

39 Link plate

40 Crosspiece

41 Crosspiece

42 Joint body

43 Joint body segments

44 Slot

45 Collar

46 Joint receiver

47 Cavity

48 Film hinge

49 Film bridge

50 Recess

51 Clearance

52 Gap

53 Projection

54 Edge

55 Locking element

56 Hook

57 Counterhook

58 Ridge

59 Space

60 Channel section

61 Stop element

62 Stop surface

63 Connecting link

64 Base body

65 Plate

66 Joint receiver

67 Cavity

68 Receptacle

69 Wall

70 Bottom wall

71 Wall segment

72 Slot

73 Wall segment

74 Slide-in opening

75 Slide-in pocket

76 Transverse member

77 Side wall

78 Projection

79 Cover wall

80 Locking element

81 Leg

82 Leg

83 Base

84 Stop

85 Safety flap

86 Opening

87 End face

88 Projection

89 Stop surface

90 Inlet opening

91 Outer surface

92 Inner surface

What is claimed is:
 1. An energy line guide chain for running linesbetween a stationary and a moveable connection comprising a plurality ofinterconnected plastic chain links, each chain link including twolaterally spaced apart and parallel link plates extending in alongitudinal direction, and at least one crosspiece interconnecting thelink plates, with the link plates of each chain link partiallyoverlapping respective link plates of each longitudinally adjacent chainlink, and with each link plate including a joint body and a jointreceiver adjacent respective opposite ends of the link plate, with thejoint body of each chain link engaged within a joint receiver of anoverlapping link plate so as to define a joint axis which extendsbetween the link plates and is perpendicular to the longitudinaldirection, with a clearance formed between opposing faces of theoverlapping link plates of adjacent chain links, and wherein eachinterengaging joint body and joint receiver defines adjacent surfaceareas which include two diametrically opposed gaps and two diametricallyopposed contact areas where the adjacent surface areas are in contactand which define a pivot axis which is perpendicular to the longitudinaldirection, and to the joint axis, so that the adjacent chain links canpivot relative to each other about, the joint axis and the pivot axis.2. The energy line guide chain of claim 1 wherein the contact areasextend in directions which are substantially parallel to thelongitudinal direction.
 3. The energy line guide chain of claim 1wherein the joint body is substantially circular in cross section, andthe joint receiver is substantially oval in cross section.
 4. The energyline guide chain of claim 1 wherein the joint body is substantially ovalin cross section and the joint receiver is substantially circular incross section.
 5. The energy line guide chain of claim 1 wherein thepairs of adjacent chain links are configured for pivoting relative toeach other about the joint axis over an angle of up to about 45°.
 6. Theenergy line guide chain of claim 1 wherein each joint body comprises aplurality of annularly arranged body segments which are separated byslots.
 7. The energy line guide chain of claim 1 wherein each joint bodyhas a free end which includes a radially outwardly directed collar. 8.The energy line guide chain of claim 7 wherein each joint receiverincludes a circumferential cavity which is sized to receive the collarof the associated joint body.
 9. The energy line guide chain of claim 1wherein the at least one crosspiece includes a convexly curved portionwhich extends in the longitudinal direction from one side of thecrosspiece, and a concave portion on the opposite side of the crosspiecewhich is configured to closely receive the convexly curved portion of acrosspiece of an adjacent chain link when the adjacent chain links arealigned in the longitudinal direction.
 10. The energy line guide chainof claim 9 wherein the convexly curved portion and the concave portionare each symmetrical with respect to a longitudinal axis which is midwaybetween the link plates.
 11. The energy line guide chain of claim 1wherein said at least one crosspiece of each chain link has alongitudinal length configured to cause the crosspieces of adjacentchain links to abut to thereby limit the relative pivotal movement aboutsaid joint axis in one direction.
 12. The energy line guide chain ofclaim 1 wherein each chain length further includes a second crosspieceextending between the link plates and spaced below said at least onecrosspiece, with said second crosspiece having a longitudinal lengthless than that of said at least one crosspiece so that the secondcrosspieces of adjacent chain links are spaced apart when the adjacentchain links are longitudinally aligned and abut each other when theadjacent chain links are relatively rotated about the joint axis to apredetermined angle.
 13. The energy line guide chain of claim 1 whereinthe at least one crosspiece is integrally connected to one of the linkplates via a film hinge and is configured for releasable attachment tothe other link plate.
 14. The energy line guide chain of claim 13wherein the at least one crosspiece includes a projection adjacent thefilm hinge so that in a closed position of the crosspiece the projectionengages an edge of the associated link plate.
 15. The energy line guidechain of claim 1 wherein at least one link plate includes a stop elementprojecting longitudinally from one end and a'stop surface at its otherend which is positioned so as to be engaged by the stop element of anadjacent chain link to thereby limit the relative rotation of theadjacent chain links about the joint axis.
 16. The energy line guidechain of claim 1 wherein each of the chain links comprises a plasticmaterial which is molded in one piece.
 17. The energy line guide chainof claim 1 further comprising a terminal connecting link which comprisestwo laterally spaced apart and parallel link plates extending in alongitudinal direction, and a base body interconnecting the two linkplates, with the base body including at least one receptacle whichextends in a direction generally perpendicular to the longitudinaldirection so as to be adapted to receive a connection element which ismounted to a connection point, and with the base body further includinga slide-in opening which communicates with the receptacle, and a lockingelement slideably received in the slide-in opening for securing theconnection element in the receptacle of the base body.
 18. The energyline guide chain of claim 17 wherein the parallel link plates of theterminal connecting link are connected to respective link plates of anadjacent chain link so as to permit relative pivotal movement about ajoint axis which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction definedby the terminal connecting link.
 19. The energy line guide chain ofclaim 18 wherein the receptacle is defined by an internal wall which isat least in part spring elastic so as to be adapted to form a snapconnection with the connection element.
 20. The energy line guide chainof claim 19 wherein the internal wall is defined by at least two wallsegments which are separated by a slot.
 21. The energy line guide chainof claim 19 wherein the internal wall is defined by four wall segments,with first opposite wall segments being substantially rigid and secondopposite wall segments being substantially spring elastic.
 22. Theenergy line guide chain of claim 21 wherein the locking element isslideable between (1) a locking position where the locking elementimpedes the deflection capability of the second opposite wall segmentsand (2) to a non-locking position where the deflection capability is notimpeded.
 23. The energy line guide chain of claim 22 wherein the lockingelement is U-shaped so as to define two free legs, with the free legsand slide-in opening being configured so that the free legs engage thesecond opposite wall segments in the locking position of the lockingelement.
 24. The energy line guide chain of claim 23 wherein the lockingelement comprises a safety flap which is parallel to and spaced from thetwo free legs, wherein the base body includes a projection which extendsinto the plane of movement of the safety flap, with the safety flat andprojection being configured to engage each other and prevent movement ofthe locking element to the locking position unless the safety flat isdeflected.
 25. The energy line guide chain of claim 24 wherein thesafety flap has an opening which engages the projection in the lockingposition to prevent unintentional movement of the locking element fromthe locking position unless the safety flap is deflected.